The European Commission fined BMW and Volkswagen (WSJ) a total of $1 billion for colluding to slow emissions reductions in diesel-powered cars. Daimler, the maker of Mercedes-Benz vehicles, was also part of the group under investigation, but it avoided fines due to its role as whistle-blower.
UK: Brussels and London clashed over how much money the United Kingdom owes (FT) the European Union as part of post-Brexit settlements. The EU said that some $56 billion is owed, while the UK treasury’s estimate is $48–$54 billion.
In Foreign Affairs, Jeremy Shapiro and Nick Witney discuss how London will need to adjust its expectations post-Brexit.
